最近国内很多地方大暴雨，国外很多国家也是如此，如英国、德国、美国、日本、荷兰。这次郑州洪灾很严重，看得人很揪心。但灾难面前，众志成城，身边很多人也都有捐款，不管多少，都是一点爱心。

这几天我看了一些与暴雨、热浪和气候变化相关的外刊，汇总了很多同义表达和句型替换，今天在公众号“高斋外刊双语精读”上分享一些，写作和翻译中都可以使用。译文是大意，仅供参考，毕竟不是翻译讲解。欢迎多点赞多分享，如果大家喜欢这种的话，我以后会多分享。

没有得到应有的关注sth does not get the attention it merits，less attention is paid to sth than sth deserves：

The havoc caused by extreme heat does not get the attention it merits for several reasons.

极端高温造成的危害没有得到应有的关注，这有多方面原因。（高斋外刊精读翻译班经济学人）

Heatwaves may generate headlines, but less attention is paid to them than they deserve.

热浪也许会成为头条新闻，但它却没有得到应有的关注。（21.7.10期经济学人）

加重疾病/提高既存疾病发病风险，造成致命危险turn...conditions lethal，kill by exacerbating ...conditions：

Moreover, deaths are not usually directly attributable to heatstroke. Soaring temperatures just turn pre-existing conditions such as heart problems or lung disease lethal. 

此外，中暑通常不会直接致人死亡/死亡的直接原因通常不是中暑；气温持续飙升会提高心脏病、肺部疾病等既存疾病发病风险，从而造成致命危险。（高斋外刊精读翻译班经济学人）

Heat kills by exacerbating conditions such as heart problems, so not all the deaths it causes may be directly attributed to it.

高温会提高心脏病等既存疾病发病风险，致人死亡，因此并非所有高温导致的死亡都直接归因于高温。（21.7.10期经济学人）

不像飓风、洪水那样直接损毁房屋翻译The deaths do not involve the devastation of property as do the ravages of wind and water，Unlike storms and floods, heat does not lead to widespread damage to property：

The deaths tend to be more widely dispersed and do not involve the devastation of property as do the ravages of wind and water.

高温致死案例往往比较分散，也不像飓风、洪水那样直接损毁房屋。（高斋外刊精读翻译班经济学人）

Unlike storms and floods, heat does not lead to widespread damage to property.

与风暴和洪灾不同，高温不会造成大范围的财产损失。（21.7.10期经济学人）

大家可以看看之前分享的这篇：《经济学人精读 | 洪水肆虐，防汛形势严峻！》

河南省介绍：

Henan is a particularly populous province and a major transport hub. It is also a key base for industry and agriculture. The provincial capital of Zhengzhou, with its 10-million strong population, sits on the Yellow River.

河南省是人口大省，是一个重要的交通枢纽，还是重要的工农业基地。省会郑州拥有1000万人口，坐落在黄河边。（bbc+dw）

暴雨袭击的表达：

最常见的是Hit，其同义词pound，lash，swamp，devastate，如：

Severe floods hit China's Henan province.

河南省遭严重洪水袭击。（bbc）

Heavy monsoon rains have been lashing the western city of Mumbai, India’s financial capital.

印度金融首都孟买（西部城市）遭季风暴雨袭击。（bbc）

河流水位的描述，取自Tellerreport：

According to a news from China's Ministry of Water Resources on the 20th, due to heavy rainfall/Affected by heavy rainfall, many rivers in Henan have exceeded the alarm level/exceeded alarms./many rivers in Henan have floods above the warning level.

据中国水利部20日消息，受强降雨影响，河南多条河流超警戒水位。

Some rivers in Henan have over-historical floods/have experienced floods exceeding historical levels.

河南一些河流现超历史洪水。

河流决堤：

Dozens of rivers burst/break their banks and streets flooded, causing transport disruptions in many cities.

数十条河流决堤，街道被淹，造成许多城市交通中断。（21.7.24期经济学人）

水库的描述：

14 reservoirs overflowed, causing flooding and landslides.

14座水库溢流，造成洪灾和山体滑坡。（卫报）

大坝的描述，决口和溃坝：

the dam suffered a 65-foot breach

the rainfall had caused a 20-metre breach in the Yihetan dam.（卫报）

“a 20-meter breach” occurred in the dam/appeared in the structure, and the entire structure “could collapse at any time.”/the dam might fail at any time.

大坝出现“20米决口”，“随时可能溃坝”。（路透社）

降雨量的描述：

A year’s worth of rain – 640mm – fell in just three days. （卫报）

In three days, an entire year’s worth of rain fell on the central city of Zhengzhou in Henan province.

郑州仅三天时间降雨量达630多毫米，抵得过当地常年一年的总降水量。（21.7.24期经济学人）

In three days, an entire year’s worth of rain fell on the central city of Zhengzhou in Henan province。

Zhengzhou has received what's normally considered a year's worth of rain in three days.

Zhengzhou has received a year's worth of rain in three days.

In three days, the region recorded roughly the average annual rainfall.

仅三天时间，郑州雨量几乎达到了平均年雨量。

One hour alone saw about 20cm of rain.

At one point, the city saw about 20cm of rain in one hour.

一个小时下了20厘米。

暴雨发生的原因：

the warming climate/climate change definitely makes severe/heavy rain more likely. Higher temperatures let air hold more water vapour: for every degree Celsius of warming, the atmosphere can absorb 7% more moisture. Wetter air leads to stronger bursts of rainfall, which tends to be more destructive.

气候变暖无疑使暴雨发生的可能性增大。更高的温度使空气中含有更多的水蒸气：每升高一摄氏度，大气就能吸收7%以上的水分。潮湿的空气导致更强的降雨爆发，这往往更具破坏性。（21.7.16期经济学人）

researchers have attributed the extreme weather sweeping the planet to the consequences of climate change.

研究人员说席卷全球的极端天气是气候变化的后果。（纽约时报）

暴雨造成的影响：

造成严重破坏：

Record rainfall in western Europe has caused rivers to burst their banks, leaving more than 100 people dead and causing widespread damage.

欧洲西部创纪录的降雨导致河流决堤，造成100多人死亡，造成大范围破坏。（bbc）

Tornadoes, flash floods, and hail have caused extensive damage throughout the south of the United States.

龙卷风、山洪和冰雹在美国南部造成了大范围破坏。（bbc）

US storms: Hail, tornadoes and flash floods wreak havoc. 

美国风暴：冰雹、龙卷风和山洪造成严重破坏。（bbc）

房屋遭到破坏或被淹：

Roads and buildings were damaged by landslides.

山体滑坡使得道路和建筑物遭到破坏。（bbc）

a huge mudslide left homes buried under a deluge of mud.

Torrents of mud submerged homes.

巨大的泥石流导致房屋被淹没。（bbc）

Buildings were washed away.

房屋被洪水冲走了。（bbc）

floodwaters inundated scores of homes.

洪水淹没了数十所房屋。（纽约时报）

交通：

Rainstorms caused severe waterlogging, traffic disruptions, and power outages in Zhengzhou.

暴雨导致郑州市区出现严重内涝，交通受到严重影响，电力中断。（卫报）

In Zhengzhou, the city's entire subway system has been forced to close.

在郑州，整个城市的地铁系统被迫关闭。（路透社）

the subway service has been temporarily suspended.

地铁服务已暂停。（bbc）

More than 160 trains stopped services at Zhengzhoudong Railway Station, stranding a large number of passengers.

郑州东站160余趟列车停运，造成大量旅客滞留。（chinadaily）

淹没地铁，洪水冲进地铁，乘客被困在地铁上：

The rainfall flooded/submerged/overwhelmed the city’s subway system and prompted the suspension of inbound flights.

降雨淹没了地铁，并导致入境航班暂停。（卫报）

A video shared widely over social media showed torrents of water/a deluge of water cascading through one of the city's subway stations/cascading down stairways into one of the city's subway stations as well as people standing waist-deep in water inside a subway train.

在社交媒体上广泛分享的一段视频显示，一股洪流/一股洪水从该市的一个地铁站泻下/顺着楼梯泻入该市的一个地铁站，还有一些人站在地铁车厢齐腰深的水里。（Dw）

subway passengers were standing in chest-high muddy brown/murky, waist-deep water as torrents raged in the tunnel outside.

地铁乘客站在齐腰深的浑浊棕色/浑浊的洪水中，外面的隧道里洪水汹涌。（卫报）

In the city of Zhengzhou, terrified passengers were trapped on flooded subway trains/cars/subways.

在郑州市，惊恐的乘客被困在被淹的地铁上。（纽约时报）

In the city of Zhengzhou, many were trapped on flooded underground trains.

在郑州市，许多人被困在被淹的地下火车上。（21.7.24期经济学人）

街道被淹、道路被淹：

The torrent of rain turned streets into surging/roaring/gushing/rapidly flowing rivers/into canals and inundated subway stations and cars. 

雨水把街道变成了湍急的河流，淹没了地铁站和汽车。（Yahoo）

Record rainfall in central China caused severe floods that have claimed more than two dozen lives, turned city streets into gushing rivers.

创纪录的降雨量造成了严重的洪灾，夺走了二十多条生命，城市街道变成了滔滔江河……（华尔街日报）

Flash floods have inundated roads and highways.

山洪爆发淹没了道路和高速公路。（纽约时报）

车辆被冲走或淹没：

Heavy rain has caused flash floods in various parts of London, leaving cars submerged as the roads filled with water.

大雨在伦敦多个地区造成了山洪暴发，道路积水，汽车被淹没。（bbc）

cars float like dead fish through the streets-turned-canals in the Chinese city of Zhengzhou.

在郑州，汽车像死鱼般漂浮在因洪水变成运河的街道上。（21.7.24期经济学人）

对历史文化遗迹的破坏：

Footage on China’s social media showed the world-renowned Shaolin Temple, known for martial arts, as well as other cultural sites, badly affected.

中国社交媒体分享的航拍镜头显示，以武术而闻名世界的少林寺以及其他文化遗址受到了严重影响。（卫报）

The world-famous Shaolin Temple in Dengfeng, known for its monks' mastery of martial arts, was forced to shut/close/were shut amid the flooding. 

以僧侣精通武术而闻名的少林寺也被迫关闭。

The heavy rain has sparked concern for the Longmen Grottoes — a UNESCO World Heritage site featuring thousand-year-old Buddhist carvings in limestone cliffs.

这场大雨引发了人们对龙门石窟的担忧。龙门石窟被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产名录，在石灰岩峭壁上有着千年历史的佛教雕刻。

抗洪减灾措施：

温暖一刻，互帮互助：

a video showed more than a dozen people supporting each other as they struggled to wade through knee-high water that was gushing through a road junction.

一段视频显示，十几个人在艰难涉水时互相支撑，河水从一个路口涌出，高达膝盖。（华尔街日报）

“Thanks to the strangers who were walking with me, dragging me as I struggled to stay standing and making sure I didn’t get washed away,” she said.

她说：“多亏了那些和我同行的陌生人，他们拖着我努力站着，确保我不会被冲走。”。（华尔街日报）

Across social media, videos showed the severity of the flooding, with hundreds of cars floating down main streets, and crowds of people forming human chains to rescue each other from roads and flooded buildings.

通过社交媒体，视频显示了洪水的严重性，数百辆汽车在主要街道上漂浮，成群结队的人组成人链，从道路和被洪水淹没的建筑物那里互相营救。（卫报）

转移避险，搬离家园：

About 100,000 people have been relocated/moved/evacuated to safe places/shelters. 

About 100,000 people have been relocated/evacuated.

当地已转移避险约10万人。（卫报+dw）

救援，抗洪救灾：

Thousands of PLA soldiers, police officers and militia members have been dispatched to assist in rescue operations in Henan, the state-run People's Daily outlet reported.

中国官方媒体《人民日报》报道，数千名解放军士兵、警察和民兵已被派往河南协助救援行动。（dw）

Police and the army were deployed to some areas to help residents.

警察和军队被派往一些地区帮助居民。（bbc）

Other divisions were sent out across the province to fight the floods and carry out rescues. 

其他部门被派往全省各地抗洪救灾。（卫报）

紧急爆破和分洪：

Early on Wednesday, a division of China’s military were sent out to the site to carry out emergency blasting and flood diversion.

星期三早些时候，中国军队的一个师被派往现场进行紧急爆破和分洪。（卫报）

In a post to Weibo, a Chinese social media platform, the PLA said that troops had been sent to blast the dam and divert floodwaters.

在中国社交媒体平台微博上的一篇帖子中，中国人民解放军称已派出部队对大坝进行紧急爆破和分洪。（路透社）

灾后重建困难重重：

Some worry that given the scale of the damage, the post-disaster reconstruction will be particularly challenging for one of the most populous provinces in China.

一些人担心，考虑到破坏程度，对中国人口最多的一个省份来说，灾后重建极具挑战性。（卫报）

今天就分享这么多！希望大家喜欢，多点赞多分享！