G20峰会是什么？

G20——二十国集团 是1999年9月25日由八国集团的财长在华盛顿提出的，目的是防止类似亚洲金融风暴的重演，让有关国家就国际经济、货币政策举行非正式对话，以利于国际金融和货币体系的稳定。The G20 (or G-20 or Group of Twenty) is an international forum for the governments and central bank governors from 20 major economies. It was founded in 1999 with the aim of studying, reviewing, and promoting high-level discussion of policy issues pertaining to the promotion of international financial stability.

G20峰会参与的国家有：

中国China

美国the United States

英国 the United Kingdom

日本 Japan

法国 France

德国 Germany

加拿大 Canada

意大利 Italy

俄罗斯 Russia

澳大利亚 Australia

巴西 Brazil

阿根廷 Argentina

墨西哥 Mexico

韩国 South Korea

印度尼西亚 Indonesia

印度 India

沙特阿拉伯 Saudi Arabia

南非 South Africa

土耳其 Turkey

欧盟European Union (EU)

2G20峰会，2016相约杭州

（材料来自维基百科）

杭州介绍：

Hangzhou, formerly romanized(用罗马字母拼写；用罗马字体铅字印刷） as Hangchow, is the capital and most populous（人口稠密的；人口众多的） city of Zhejiang Province in east China.It sits at the head of Hangzhou Bay（杭州湾）, which separates Shanghai and Ningbo.Hangzhou's climate is humid subtropical（亚热带的，亚热带特点的）with four distinctive seasons, characterised by long, very hot, humid summers and chilly, cloudy and drier winters (with occasional snow).Hangzhou grew to prominence（突出；声望；卓越  come to prominence 声名鹊起） as the southern terminus （界限；重点；终点站）of the Grand Canal （大运河）and has been one of the most renowned（有名的，享有声誉的;有声望的） and prosperous cities in China for much of the last millennium（上个千禧年）, due in part to（部分原因是）its beautiful natural scenery. The city's West Lake（西湖）is its best-known attraction（胜地；景观；吸引；有趣的东西）.

 Hangzhou is classified as a sub-provincial（副省级）cityand forms the core of the Hangzhou metropolitan area（大都市区；城区；城市圈）, the fourth-largest in China.During the 2010 Chinese census(中国人口普查）, the metropolitan area held 21.102 million people over an area of 34,585 km2 (13,353 sq mi). Hangzhou prefecture（辖区）had a registered population of 9,018,000 in 2015.

 In September 2015, Hangzhou was awarded the 2022 Asian Games（亚运会）. It will be the third Chinese city to play host to the Asian Games after Beijing 1990 and Guangzhou 2010. On November 16, 2015, paramount leader （最高领导人）Xi Jinping announced that Hangzhou would host the eleventh G-20 summit（G20峰会）on September 4–5, 2016.

3选址杭州的原因？

G20峰会选在杭州的原因：（材料来自http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzAwMTI5MzY0Ng==&mid=2650492546&idx=1&sn=59f7e57cbb55655c1851fdd5f7f7a34c）

历史原因:

1972 when Mao Zedong and president Nixon decided to make China and USA agree to working together to be the bright future.Both leaders actually had a lot of （negotiations）. One of the negotiations was done in Hangzhou and the document was made in Hangzhou and announced in shanghai.

1972年，毛泽东与（时任）美国总统尼克松达成共识，中美将携手开创美好未来。实际上，两国领导人之间大量的友好磋商是在杭州进行的，而《联合公报》也是在杭州起草并最终在上海发布。

经济文化原因：

This is a historically, very meaningful city, a great city that made the west and the east meet together, made the great leaders of the East and the West sit down together, discuss for the future.

杭州是一座富有历史意义的城市，一座让东西方交融的城市，让东方和西方的领导人们坐在一起共商未来。

The city has its entrepreneurs, it's so friendly to private sectors and people here are well-educated.

杭州还拥有创业精神，包容民营企业的发展，更加聚集了大量的优秀人才。

in Song Dynasty, 1000 years ago, we were the capital of China. And at that time, we were the most splendid and prosperity city in China.

早在1000年前的宋朝，杭州曾是中国的首都。在那个时候，杭州就是中国最辉煌、最繁荣的城市。

Hangzhou today has become the driving force of China new economy .

今天，杭州已经成为中国新经济的推动力量。

4G20的意义？

G20是公认的全球经济治理主要平台，G20成员经济状况的好坏，直接影响世界经济的晴雨。G20成员的合作，直接决定国际经济合作的方向。

The G20 is widely recognized as the premier forum/platform for global economic governance.the performance of G20 economies has a direct bearing on /has direct impacts on the well-being/performance of the world economy and that cooperation among G20 members decides directly /in a direct way/manner/fashion the future/prospect/direction of international economic cooperation.

G20打破了“与邻为壑”的旧逻辑，面对国际金融危机，联手采取货币财政政策，推动国际金融机构改革，把世界经济从悬崖边缘拉了回来。这种同舟共济的伙伴精神是G20最宝贵的财富。

The G20 marks a departure from the old logic of “beggar thy neighbor”. In the face of the international financial crisis, G20 members have coordinated monetary and fiscal policies, pushed ahead reform of international financial institutions, and brought the world economy from the brink of precipice. This spirit of partnership and solidarity in times of difficulty is the most valued asset of the G20.

今年峰会主要致力于：

this year the summit will focus on:

一是制定创新增长蓝图.

First, work out a blueprint for innovation-driven growth.

二是制定落实2030年可持续发展议程行动计划。

Second, adopt an action plan for the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

三是制定结构性改革优先领域、指导原则和指标体系。

Third, identify priority areas and set up guiding principles as well as an indicator system for structural reforms.

四是制定全球贸易增长战略。

Fourth, adopt a global trade growth strategy.

五是制定全球投资政策指导原则。

Fifth, lay out the guiding principles for global investment policies.

六是深化国际金融架构改革。

Sixth, deepen reform of the international financial architecture.

七是创立三位一体的反腐败合作。

Seventh, launch three-pronged anti-corruption cooperation.

八是发起支持非洲和最不发达国家工业化合作倡议。

Eighth, initiate cooperation to support industrialization of Africa and least developed countries (LDCs) in the world.

九是制定创业行动计划。

Ninth, formulate an entrepreneurship action plan.

十是推动气候变化《巴黎协定》尽早生效。

Tenth, push for early entry-into-force of the Paris Agreement on climate change.

G20在绿色金融、普惠金融、投资和基础设施、能源可及性、可再生能源、能效、粮食安全等领域制定行动计划或合作倡议，共同促进国际经济合作，加强全球经济治理。

G20 summit is to formulate action plans or cooperation initiatives in green finance, inclusive finance, investment and infrastructure, energy accessibility, renewable energy, energy efficiency and food security, as part of the joint endeavor to enhance international economic coopera.

G20峰会：中国应引领绿色金融

China poised to lead on green finance at G-20 meeting

 http://www.ftchinese.com/story/001068993

                                      G20的背景

  1

原文：The Western-backed Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) are talking a lot about moving ‘from billions to trillions’ of dollars to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Paris Climate Agreement that aim to shift the world economy to a low-carbon and more socially inclusive and equitable future.

译文：西方支持的多边开发银行(Multilateral Development Banks, MDBs)大谈“从数十亿增加到数万亿”美元以实现“可持续发展目标”(Sustainable Development Goals)以及巴黎气候协定(Paris Climate Agreement)，以帮助世界经济转向一个低碳、更具社会包容性、更公平的未来。

Multilateral ：英 [ˌmʌltiˈlætərəl]  美 [ˌmʌltɪˈlætərəl] 

adj.多方面的，多边的;多国的;多国参加的

例句：Many want to abandon the multilateral trade talks in Geneva. 

很多国家想退出在日内瓦举行的多边贸易会谈

 2

原文：The MDBs talk the talk but do not walk the walk given that they have not increased their paid-in capital to meet the ambitious goals of the SDGs. By contrast, China’s development banks have been doing the walking—but not quite in the right direction. As it hosts the G-20 in September, China is poised to match words and action on sustainable development.

译文：这些多边开发银行光说不练，因为它们一直没有增加自身的实缴资本以实现雄心勃勃的可持续发展目标。相比之下，中国的开发银行做了一些实事——但方向不是特别正确。在9月举办20国集团(G20)峰会之际，中国将准备好在可持续发展方面协调自己的口号与行动。

poise：英 [pɔɪz]  美 [pɔɪz] 

n.姿态;自信;泰然自若;体态

vt.使平衡;保持（某种姿势）;抓紧;使稳定

What amazed him even more than her appearance was her poise 

她的容貌让他惊叹，而更让他惊讶的是她的沉着。

G20 的主题

来自（http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/interface/yidian/1139302/2016-05-30/cd_25525215.html）

主题：

本次峰会的主题是"构建创新、活力、联动、包容的世界经济

(Toward an Innovative, Invigorated, Interconnected and Inclusive World Economy).

G20讨论的主要内容？

(来自英文巴士网)

讨论内容：

未来两天，我们将围绕杭州峰会主题，就加强宏观政策协调、创新增长方式，更高效的全球经济金融治理，强劲的国际贸易和投资，包容和联动式发展，影响世界经济的其他突出问题等议题展开讨论。

In the next two days, under the theme of this Summit, we will have discussions on strengthening policy coordination, breaking a new path of growth, more effective and efficient global economic and financial governance, robust international trade and investment, inclusive and interconnected development as well as other issues affecting the world economy.

二十国集团聚集了世界主要经济体，国际社会对我们充满期待，对这次峰会寄予厚望。希望杭州峰会能够为世界经济开出一剂标本兼治、综合施策的“药方”，让世界经济走上强劲、可持续、平衡、包容增长之路。

The G20 consists of the world’s major economies. The international community has great expectations for the G20 and places high hopes on this Hangzhou Summit. I hope the Hangzhou Summit will provide a solution that addresses both the symptoms and root causes of the global economic problems and achieve strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive global growth.

                           G20的意义？

1

中国扮演的角色：

来自http://www.ftchinese.com/story/001068943

如果中国希望在举办今年的G20峰会时真正有所作为，中国可以以身作则，不仅提供最大规模的发展融资，还提供符合可持续发展目标以及巴黎气候协定的最优质的海外发展融资。如果中国带头的话，此类行动将迫使西方国家效仿。

在环保社会公共意识的推动下，中国正在采取切实的行动，落实《巴黎协议》的自主贡献预案（INDCs），也同时自觉地成为了世界绿色金融的引领者，这为在G20平台上推广绿色金融打下基础。中国不仅在国家宏观层面将绿色发展写入了“十三五”规划，而且正在努力建设绿色金融体系，并取得了很大成果。首先，中国正在努力发展绿色债券市场，其次，中国计划在明年建成全国统一碳市场，很可能将超越欧盟碳市场（EU-ETS）成为全球最大碳市场。

此外，中国也在积极发展绿色金融投资，特别是新能源领域的投资。当前，中国正在寻求经济发展的绿色转型，在G20峰会上推动绿色金融，一方面是分享中国绿色金融发展的经验，另一方面，也是谋划自身乃至世界经济绿色转型的重要战略举措。

在机遇与挑战并存的情况下，中国此次将绿色金融作为G20的重点议题进行探讨，实际上是为了更好地在世界范围内寻求合作，推动世界经济和本国经济绿色转型。

2

世界各国应当怎么做

来自http://money.163.com/16/0723/09/BSLAS07P00253B0H.html 

G20各国应思考在更大范围、更高水平、更深层次上开展国际税收合作，拓展全球性、区域性、多边和双边的税收合作。一是消除税收政策制定和实施中的税收歧视，减少税收不确定性。二是减少国际间双重征税，防止互不征税，有效遏制逃避税，为国际贸易和投资的增长扫清障碍，共同构建开放、包容、均衡、普惠的税收合作架构。世界各国更好地发挥区域或双边多边税收合作平台的作用，就避免双重征税、降低税收风险等问题进行讨论，消除投资壁垒、降低贸易成本，推动区域贸易和投资合作，建立平等共赢的伙伴关系。

3

 G20的意义：

来自http://news.sina.com.cn/o/2016-03-11/doc-ifxqhfvp0760848.shtml

“创新”和“改革”主要还是针对于如何完善当前的全球经济治理机制。这方面有待于相关国家通过G20峰会汇聚更多更好更新的想法，以协商方式达成共识，令全球经济治理机制更加公平公正，更有效助推各国的经济发展。“发展”对于中国和世界来说都显得很关键，特别是当前“发展”的内涵有很多，包括如何在经济实现中高速增长的同时实现绿色和可持续发展。中国对于G20峰会的贡献可能更多集中于对一些问题的想法，对解决方案的建议，供有关国家思考。他觉得G20峰会是有关各国思想不断沟通、利益不断协调、政策相互借鉴的过程。自2008年首次G20峰会以来，峰会在减缓金融危机的冲击、推动各国经济合作、建构更合理秩序等方面都有所帮助。