2018年5月CATTI一笔一级笔译实务真题和参考译文
英译汉
In December 2015, British publishing stood accused of woeful blindness to diversity, and not for the first time, after World Book Night (WBN) announced its titles, and none of the 15 books was by a writer of colour. An apology was issued by organisers but a wider malaise had already set in, and along with it, the troubling feeling that WBN’s oversight was less an isolated incident and more a recurring pattern of exclusion that stretched across the literary establishment.
A report on the state of the books industry had been published earlier that year by the development agency Spread the Word, which drew attention to how intransigently white, middle-class (and further up the ladder, male) it remained, from literary festivals and prizes to publications and personnel. The industry has been announcing strategies for change since 2015. Publishing houses have rolled out paid internships, mentoring schemes and traineeships to attract socially under-represented and BAME applicants on an unprecedented scale, as well as creating opportunities for women to move into boardrooms.
To name a few recent initiatives: Penguin Random House is offering interest-free rent loans to draw more applicants from outside London, and has set a company goal “for all new hires and the books we acquire to reflect UK society by 2025 in terms of social mobility, ethnicity, gender, disability, and sexuality”. HarperCollins is launching programmes for BAME employees and those taking long-term parental leave, while Hachette is encouraging diversity at an executive level in a mentoring scheme with board members. Some schemes show promising signs. Penguin’s campaign, which connects aspiring writers from socially excluded communities to agents, editors and authors, is helping to demystify these professions.
It appears to be a turning point for British publishing, and yet those who have been around for long enough feel a profound sense of disappointment, because there have been mentorship schemes and initiatives before, yet the industry has always failed to maintain the diversity it has achieved. And where some publishers continue to reach for “schemes” or blame blockages elsewhere in the pipeline, independent publishers have long been weaving inclusivity into their lists without the need for formal targets or traineeships.
Margaret Busby, the writer and pioneering publisher, regards the endeavour for better representation in publishing as a struggle begun decades ago and still no closer to being won. Mainstream publishing, she says, is too institutionalised in its biases to be corrected by a few new authors or schemes.
In the 1980s she helped to found a group that campaigned to diversify the industry. An article she wrote in 1988 posed questions that are still being asked today, such as: “What are publishers doing to make their companies a more accurate reflection of their lists, readers and society?”
A decade later, the Arts Council brought in publishing traineeships for black and Asian candidates, whom Busby mentored. Another Arts Council scheme followed 10 years later to address representation in the workforce. In 2005, the Diversity in Publishing Network (Dipnet) was started and after that, Equip, a Publishing Equalities Charter in 2012. “What’s happening now is more initiatives,” Busby says. “But the problem can’t be solved with initiatives.”
There is overwhelming agreement among excluded communities that systemic change can only happen when inclusivity is filtered upwards. There is not yet gender parity on boards, even though women outnumber men in the industry; a lack of social diversity is one of its most stubborn problems.
汉译英
本公司是经国务院批准成立，是国家控股的有限责任公司。负责实施国家大型飞机重大专项中大型客机项目，统筹干线飞机和支线飞机发展、实现我国民用飞机产业化，主要从事民用飞机及相关产品的科研、生产、试验试飞，从事民用飞机销售及服务、租赁和运营等相关业务，按照现代企业制度组建和运营，重点加强飞机研发设计、总装制造、市场营销、客户服务、适航取证和供应商管理等能力，走市场化、集成化、产业化、国际化的发展道路，将全力打造更加安全、经济、舒适、环保的大型客机。
官网参考译文：The company is a centrally managed core enterprise in civil aircraft industry of China and a central backbone enterprise, which is formed with the approval of the State Council.COMAC functions as the main vehicle in implementing large passenger aircraft programs in China. It is also mandated with the overall planning of developing trunk liner and regional jet programs and realizing the industrialization of civil aircraft in China. it is engaged in the research, manufacture and flight tests of civil aircraft and related products, as well as marketing, servicing, leasing and operations of civil aircraft. Our company is formed and operated according to the standards of modern enterprise system, and adopts an "airframer-suppliers" model, focusing on aircraft design, final assembly, manufacturing, marketing, customer service, airworthiness certification, and supplier management. COMAC adheres to the principle of "development with Chinese characteristics" and attaches great importance to technological progress and self-reliant advancement in the process of marketing, integration, industrialization and globalization. The company endeavors to manufacture large passenger aircraft that are safer, cost-effective, comfortable and environment-friendly.
大型客机是一个国家工业、科技水平的综合实力的集中体现。本公司作为世界民机大家庭的成员，将与客户、合作伙伴携手合作，致力于为客户提供更加安全、经济、舒适、环保的民用飞机，使更多的人享受航空科技成果，使人类进入一个安全性水平更高、飞行风险更低的新时代，一个“人与蓝天和谐相处”的新时代。
官网参考译文：Large passenger aircraft is the embodiment the nation’s industrial and technological standing as well as the comprehensive power. . As a member in the big family of world civil aircraft, COMAC will work together with customers and cooperative partners to deliver safer, cost-effective, comfortable and environment-friendly civil aircraft, help more people benefit from the achievements of aviation science and technology, make human enter a new era with higher safety and lower risk in flight, i.e. a new era of "harmonious coexistence of men and blue sky"
审校英译汉，没找到汉语。
It’s hard to make claim that technology hasn’t improved many facets of our everyday lives. Ordering lunch, calling a cab, and even managing your finances can be done instantly with a smartphone. The unique algorithms powering these applications have found a way to process information more effectively, replacing error-prone human judgement in the decision making process. Technology has seemingly reached a point where people blindly trust these unfamiliar algorithms to provide solutions to a range of problems both trivial and major. That dispassionate technology is weighing in on complex issues may not concern some, but a growing body of evidence suggests algorithms exhibit similar biases as humans.
Instead of replacing flawed human intuition, these tools have been shown to reinforce some existing biases that afflict disadvantaged groups. This rings true in financial services where digital services continue to breach traditional banking strongholds. Despite improving the number of global unbanked by 5% between 2011 and 2014, the global gender gap in account ownership remained unchanged at 7% over the same 3 year period, according to the World Bank’s Global Findex Database. The disparity widens to 9% in developing countries, as women often face disproportionately higher hurdles to financial independence.
Part of the problem is that the complex mathematical models behind today’s algorithms aren’t all held to the same ethical standard. It happens that a large proportion of software development and oversight is done by men. Though perhaps unintentional, the potential for products to inadvertently adopt some bias or emotion increases.
The algorithms behind online lenders, for instance, exhibit much of the same gender biases as traditional lenders. These new lending platforms are pulling in all kinds of alternative data such as purhcase and browsing history, on top of conventional requirements of income, education, and residence, to determine a borrower’s creditworthiness. Many of these determinants regularly favor men despite a growing body of research that proves women tend to save more and make more on-time loan payments.
As a result, women entrepreneurs still receive fewer and smaller business loans with higher interests rates compared to men. This disparity in financing denies women an opportunity to make an equal contribution to economic growth.
Of course, as finance and technology companies look to expand, it would be unwise to go on ignoring potential human biases. As women increase their role as financial decision makers, this rings particularly true: Today women in the United States exercise control over $11 trillion, or 39% of the country’s investable assets.
One possible solution would be to make these tools more transparent, though, for many fintech companies, moving to an open source model means losing their competitive advantage. In some cases, the tech has become so advanced that even the creators have trouble understanding the implications of a machine’s decisions, in which event women must play a greater role in the initial development process. Technology and software is often designed with a clear bias towards its male developers, therefore hiring women to lead product development teams would help move the needle in the right direction.
Although it’s still difficult to eliminate bias altogether, designing diverse organizations with various races and genders increases awareness of these harsh realities. In fact, a recent report from Credit Suisse suggests having women involved in the early stages of a project helps to limit bias and create more inclusive products. For one thing, they can help design products that take into account the distinct financial needs and preferences of women. Generally, digital financial services tend to neglect women’s tendency to save, invest in their children and family, and develop a business.
Failing to incorporate women’s perspective has more dire consequences in poor communities where access to economic resources are generally limited. Recognizing these challenges, Women’s World Banking, a key partner of the Microfinance Capacity Building Initiative of Credit Suisse, is dedicated to ensuring the financial inclusion of women across the globe. In one of their many engagements, Women’s World Banking teamed up with Diamond Bank in 2013 to bring digital savings accounts to low-income Nigerian women. Offering digital products allowed the bank to provide a convenient, reliable, and secure means of saving that catered to women’s specific needs, empowering the women and opening a new market to the bank.
Recognizing the problem is a start, and as women’s economic influence grows around the world, success will depend on inclusive technologies that meet this vast untapped market. In doing so, we can move to lower the presence of bias in modern technology and unlock the potential $12 trillion economic opportunity achieving gender equality could deliver.
汉译英审校 习近平主席在新加坡国立大学的演讲：深化合作伙伴关系共建亚洲美好家园
——为了实现这个目标，我们将坚持全面建成小康社会、全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面从严治党的战略布局，坚持发展是第一要务，以提高发展质量和效益为中心，加快形成引领经济发展新常态的体制机制和发展方式，保持战略定力，坚持稳中求进，统筹推进经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设和党的建设。
To achieve this goal, we will pursue a four-pronged strategy of deepening reform, advancing law-based governance and improving Party conduct in an all-round way with the goal of finishing building a society of initial prosperity in all respects. We will pursue development as a top priority, with emphasis on its quality and efficiency. We will accelerate efforts to put in place systems, institutions and development models that boost economic development under new conditions. We will maintain strategic resolve, pursue progress while ensuring stability, and promote coordinated development of China’s economy, political system, the cultural sector, society, the environment and the Party.
1.原文是law-basing governance，改为law-based governance
——为了实现这个目标，我们将牢固树立创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念。坚持创新发展，就是要把创新摆在国家发展全局的核心位置，让创新贯穿国家一切工作，让创新在全社会蔚然成风。坚持协调发展，就是要重点促进城乡区域协调发展，促进经济社会协调发展，促进新型工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化同步发展，在增强国家硬实力的同时注重提升国家软实力，不断增强发展整体性。坚持绿色发展，就是要坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策，坚持可持续发展，形成人与自然和谐发展现代化建设新格局，为全球生态安全作出新贡献。
To achieve this goal, we will follow the principles of innovative, coordinated, green, open and inclusive development. To pursue innovative development is to place innovation at the core of our national development endeavor and enable it to underpin all endeavors of the country and become a trend in the country.
2.原文是in the core，改为at the core of
Coordinated development requires us to promote balanced development between urban and rural areas and between economic and social development, and ensure balanced progress in promoting a new type of industrialization, IT application, urbanization and agricultural modernization. It also means strengthening China’s soft power as well as hard power and overall national development.
3.原文是computer use，改为IT application
To achieve green development, we will follow the basic state policy of resource conservation and environmental protection, pursue sustainable development, and promote modernization in a new way that enhances harmony between human development and the preservation of nature. By doing so, we will contribute more to global ecological security.
4.原文是grasp，改为follow
坚持开放发展，就是要奉行互利共赢的开放战略，发展更高层次的开放型经济，积极参与全球经济治理和公共产品供给，构建广泛的利益共同体。坚持共享发展，就是要坚持发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享，使全体人民在共建共享发展中有更多获得感，朝着共同富裕方向稳步前进。
Open development demonstrates China’s commitment to pursue the win-win strategy of opening-up, develop a high standard open economy, take an active part in global economic governance and the provision of public goods, and build a community of extensive common interests.
5.原文是developing，改为develop
6.原文是taking，改为take
7.原文是building，改为build
8.原文是varied，改为extensive
如果按照现在的说法，其实原文的community of，应该改为community with
附带commitment的用法：
Yet many lessons are obvious and I take confidence from the commitment of world leaders in the US, Europe, China and elsewhere to pursue comprehensive regulatory reform andco-ordinate internationally.
不过，有许多教训已显而易见，而全球各国领导人美国、欧洲、中国以及其它地区致力于推行全面监管改革并寻求全球协作的承诺让我充满信心。www.ftchinese.com
Inclusive development means development for the people, by the people and its fruits shared by the people. It means we must work hard to make all of our people benefit more from such development and eventually achieve common prosperity.
9.原文是make it possible for all of our people to benefit，改为make all of our people benefit
10.原文是really，改为eventually
