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健康主题

Child development

儿童发育

Children represent the future, and ensuring their physical, socio-emotional and language and cognitive development ought to be a priority for all societies. Children are particularly vulnerable to malnutrition and infectious diseases, many of which can be effectively prevented or treated.

儿童代表着未来，确保他们健康成长和发育应是所有社会关注的一个主要问题。儿童尤其脆弱，容易受到营养不良和传染病的影响，而许多传染病是可以得到有效预防或治疗的。

What are the key health dangers for children?

儿童的主要健康危险是什么?

Nearly 6.9 million children under the age of five died in 2011 – nearly 800 every hour – but most could survive threats and thrive with access to simple, affordable interventions.

2011年，有近690万5岁以下儿童死亡——每小时近800名，但如果能够利用经济上可承受得起的简便干预措施，多数儿童可以战胜这些威胁并茁壮成长。

The risk of death is highest in the first month of life. Preterm birth, birth asphyxia and infections cause most newborn deaths. Health risks to newborns are minimized by:

在出生后的第一个月，婴儿死亡的风险最高。早产、出生窒息和感染是新生儿死亡的主要原因。通过以下方式可最大限度地降低新生儿的健康风险：

quality care during pregnancy;

妊娠期间的高质量照护；

safe delivery by a skilled birth attendant; and strong neonatal care: immediate attention to breathing and warmth, hygienic cord and skin care, and early initiation of exclusive breastfeeding.

由技术熟练的接生员辅助的安全分娩；高质量新生儿照护：及时关注呼吸和保暖、脐带卫生和皮肤护理以及纯母乳喂养。

From one month to five years of age, the main causes of death are pneumonia, diarrhoea, malaria and measles. Malnutrition is estimated to contribute to more than one third of all child deaths.

从1个月至5岁，死亡的主要原因是肺炎、腹泻病、疟疾和麻疹。据估计，营养不良造成所有儿童死亡的三分之一以上。

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